Excessive self-importance: Narcissism involves an inflated sense of self-worth and a belief in one's superiority or specialness.

Lack of empathy: Narcissistic individuals often display a diminished capacity to understand or care about others' feelings and needs.

Need for admiration: Narcissists seek constant attention, validation, and admiration from others to maintain their fragile self-esteem.

Lack of empathy and remorse: Sociopaths/individuals with ASPD typically have a limited ability to empathize with others or feel guilt or remorse for their actions. They often disregard the rights and feelings of others without experiencing significant distress or remorse.

Manipulative and deceitful behavior: Sociopaths/ASPD individuals frequently engage in manipulative and deceitful behaviors to achieve their goals. They may lie, manipulate, or exploit others for personal gain or pleasure, without regard for the well-being or consequences to others.

Impulsivity and disregard for societal norms: Sociopaths/ASPD individuals often exhibit impulsive and reckless behaviors. They may have a disregard for societal rules and norms, engage in criminal activities, and demonstrate a lack of long-term planning or responsibility.

Mood swings: Bipolar disorder involves significant shifts in mood, with manic episodes (elevated mood, high energy) and depressive episodes (persistent sadness, low energy).

Cycling between episodes: People with bipolar disorder experience alternating episodes of mania and depression, with periods of stability in between.

Emotional instability: Individuals with BPD experience intense and rapidly shifting emotions, often struggling with chronic feelings of emptiness, anger, or anxiety. Their emotional responses can be unpredictable and disproportionate to the situation.

Impulsive and self-destructive behavior: People with BPD may engage in impulsive behaviors such as self-harm, substance abuse, reckless spending, or risky sexual activities. They often have difficulty controlling their impulses.

Unstable relationships and self-image: BPD is associated with a pattern of unstable and intense relationships, marked by idealization and devaluation of others. Individuals with BPD may also struggle with a fluctuating sense of self, leading to identity disturbances and feelings of emptiness.

Persistent sadness: Depression involves a persistent and pervasive feeling of sadness or low mood that lasts for an extended period of time, typically two weeks or more.

Loss of interest and pleasure: People with depression often experience a loss of interest or pleasure in activities they used to enjoy. They may have a reduced energy level, difficulty concentrating, and changes in appetite and sleep patterns.

Negative thinking and self-criticism: Depression often involves persistent negative thoughts, self-criticism, and a distorted perception of oneself and the world. Individuals with depression may have feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and a pessimistic outlook on life.

Excessive worry: Anxiety involves excessive and persistent worry or fear about various aspects of life, such as work, relationships, health, or everyday situations. The worry is often disproportionate to the actual threat or situation.

Physical and psychological symptoms: Anxiety can manifest in physical symptoms like restlessness, fatigue, muscle tension, and difficulty sleeping. It can also lead to psychological symptoms such as irritability, difficulty concentrating, and a sense of impending doom.

Avoidance behavior: Individuals with anxiety may engage in avoidance behaviors to evade situations or triggers that provoke anxiety. They may avoid social interactions, specific places, or activities that make them feel anxious.

Obsessions: OCD is characterized by recurrent and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images that cause distress and anxiety. These obsessions are often irrational and unwanted, and individuals may try to ignore or suppress them.

Compulsions: People with OCD engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts, known as compulsions, in response to their obsessions. These compulsions are aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing a feared outcome. Common examples include excessive handwashing, checking, counting, or arranging items in a particular order.

Compulsive behavior: Addiction involves engaging in compulsive and repetitive behavior, such as substance use or certain activities, despite negative consequences. There is a persistent and overwhelming urge to engage in the behavior, often leading to loss of control.

Dependence and withdrawal: Addiction often leads to physical or psychological dependence, where the body and mind become accustomed to the substance or behavior. When the substance or behavior is discontinued, withdrawal symptoms may occur, reinforcing the need to continue the addictive behavior.

Excessive mistrust and suspicion: Paranoia involves an excessive and irrational mistrust or suspicion of others, even in the absence of evidence or justification. Individuals with paranoia may perceive innocent actions or statements as deliberately threatening or malicious.

Heightened vigilance and hypervigilance: Paranoia is often accompanied by heightened vigilance and hypervigilance, where individuals are constantly on guard, expecting harm or danger. They may constantly scan their environment for potential threats or signs of betrayal.

Impact on thoughts and behaviors: It may lead to social withdrawal, isolation, difficulty in forming or maintaining relationships, and disruptions in daily life and functioning.

Distorted perception and thinking: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by distorted perception of reality, disorganized thinking, and impaired social functioning. Individuals with schizophrenia may experience hallucinations (perceiving things that are not present) and delusions (false beliefs not based in reality).

Disorganized behavior and speech: Schizophrenia often involves disorganized behavior and speech patterns. Individuals may exhibit unpredictable or inappropriate behavior and have difficulty organizing their thoughts and communicating coherently.

Impairment in daily life: It may lead to social withdrawal, difficulty with concentration and memory, and a decline in overall functioning.